Donkey Secondary Antibodies
Biotium Endoglin / CD105 (Angiogenesis Marker)(ENG/3269), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
CD105/Endoglin is a Type I membrane glycoprotein located on cell surfaces and is part of the TGF-beta receptor complex. This protein has been found on endothelial cells, activated macrophages, fibroblasts, and smooth-muscle cells. Endoglin has a role in the development of the cardiovascular system and in vascular remodeling. Its expression is regulated during heart development. CD105 is highly expressed in endothelial cells during tumor angiogenesis and inflammation, with weak or negative expression in vascular endothelium of normal tissues. Angiogenesis is a promising prognostic marker in a variety of tumors. Endoglin is a more specific and sensitive marker for tumor angiogenesis than CD31 or CD34, as it labels only newly-formed blood vessels and may serve as a prognostic marker for prostate adenocarcinoma, and cancers of the lung, stomach, breast, and brain.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer
Biotium PAX8 (Renal Cell Marker)(rPAX8/1492), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 62 kDa, identified as PAX8. It is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. This nuclear protein is involved in thyroid follicular cell development and expression of thyroid-specific genes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid follicular carcinomas, and atypical thyroid adenomas. PAX-8 is expressed in the thyroid (and associated carcinomas), non-ciliated mucosal cells of the fallopian tubes, and simple ovarian inclusion cysts, but not normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. PAX-8 is expressed in a high percentage of ovarian serous, endometrioid, and clear cell carcinomas, but only rarely in primary ovarian mucinous adenocarcinomas. PAX-8 expression is reported in renal tubules as well as renal cell carcinoma, nephroblastoma, and seminoma. PAX-8 antibody may be used as an additional immunohistochemical marker for renal epithelial tumors. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a
Biotium MCM6 (Proliferation Marker)(MCM6/3000), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) family of proteins, including MCM2, MCM3, MCM6 (Cdc21), MCM5 (Cdc46), MCM6 (Mis5) and MCM7 (Cdc47), are regulators of DNA replication that act to ensure replication occurs only once in the cell cycle. Expression of MCM proteins increases during cell growth, peaking at G1/S phase. The MCM proteins each contain an ATP-binding motif, which is predicted to mediate ATP-dependent opening of double-stranded DNA. MCM proteins are regulated by E2F transcription factors, which induce MCM expression, and by protein kinases, which interact with MCM proteins to maintain the post-replicative state of the cell. MCM2/MCM6 complexes function as substrates for Cdc2/cyclin B in vitro. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundanc
Biotium Estrogen Receptor, alpha (Marker of Estrogen Dependence)(ESR1/3373), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This monoclonal antibody is specific to estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and shows minimal cross-reaction with other members of the family. ER is an important regulator of growth and differentiation in the mammary gland. Presence of ER in breast tumors indicates an increased likelihood of response to anti-estrogen (e. g. tamoxifen) therapy. It strongly stains nuclei of epithelial cells in breast carcinomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Tyrosinase-Related Protein-1 (TYRP-1) (Melanoma Marker)(TYRP1/3284), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Reacts with a 75 kDa melanocyte-specific gene product, identified as Tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). It is involved in melanin synthesis. TRP1 is present on the melanosomal membranes of melanoma, normal melanocytes and nevi. Recent evidence suggests that TRP-1 is involved in maintaining stability of tyrosinase protein and modulating its catalytic activity. TRP-1 is also involved in maintenance of melanosome ultrastructure and affects melanocyte proliferation and cell death. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium GnRH-Receptor / LH-RH Receptor(GNRHR/2982R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes an epitope on the extracellular domain of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor or luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR). Lutropin (also designated luteinizing hormone) plays a role in spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to produce steroids. Gonadotropin (also designated choriogonadotropin) production in the placenta maintains estrogen and progesterone levels during the first trimester of pregnancy. Ovaries and testes abundantly express luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor. GnRH receptor contains seven hydrophobic transmembrane domains connected by hydrophilic extracellular and intracellular loops characteristic of G-protein coupled receptors. GnRH stimulates the gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) as well as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). GnRH influences the protective effect of pregnancy and Gonadotropin against breast cancer. The expression of GnRH on breast carcinoma
Biotium Estrogen Receptor, alpha (Marker of Estrogen Dependence)(ESR1/3342), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This monoclonal antibody is specific to estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and shows minimal cross-reaction with other members of the family. ER is an important regulator of growth and differentiation in the mammary gland. Presence of ER in breast tumors indicates an increased likelihood of response to anti-estrogen (e. g. tamoxifen) therapy. It strongly stains nuclei of epithelial cells in breast carcinomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-q / GNAQ / G-ALPHA-q(GNAQ/2434), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
GNAQis 359 amino acids long and is identical in all but 1 amino acid residue to the mouse protein. Analysis of human genomic DNA revealed an intronless sequence with strong homology to human GNAQ cDNA. In comparison to GNAQ cDNA, this genomic DNA sequence included several small deletions and insertions that altered the reading frame, multiple single based changes, and a premature termination codon in the open reading frame, all hallmarks of a processed pseudogene. Probes derived from human GNAQ cDNA sequence mapped both chromosomes 2 and 9 in higher constringency genomic blot analyses of DNA from a panel of human/rodent hybrid cell lines. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give
Biotium XRCC3(10F1/6), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The x-ray repair cross-complementing (XRCC) proteins are responsible for efficiently repairing and maintaining genetic stability following DNA base damage. These genes share sequence similarity with the yeast DNA repair protein Rad51. XRCC1 is a protein that facilitates the DNA base excision repair pathway by interacting with DNA ligase III and DNA polymerase to repair DNA single-strand breaks. XRCC2 and XRCC3 are both involved in maintaining chromosome stability during cell division. XRCC2 is required for efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination between sister chromatids, and XRCC3 interacts directly with Rad51 to cooperate with Rad51 during recombinational repair. XRCC4 is an accessory factor of DNA Ligase IV that preferentially binds DNA with nicks or broken ends. XRCC4 binds to DNA Ligase IV and enhances its joining activity, and it is also involved in V(D)J recombination. Any defect in one of the known components of the DNA repair/V(D)J re
Biotium AKT1 (Prognostic Marker for Neuroendocrine Tumors) (AKT1/2552), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 62 kDa, which is identified as AKT1. The serine/threonine kinase Akt family contains several members, including Akt1 (also designated PKB or RacPK), Akt2 (also designated PKBbeta or RacPK-beta) and Akt3 (also designated PKB-gamma or thymoma viral proto-oncogene 3), which exhibit sequence homology with the protein kinase A and C families and are encoded by the c-Akt proto-oncogene. All members of the Akt family have a Pleckstrin homology domain. Akt1 and Akt2 are activated by PDGF stimulation. This activation is dependent on PDGFR-beta tyrosine residues 740 and 751, which bind the subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) complex. Activation of Akt1 by insulin or insulin-growth factor-1 (IGF-1) results in phosphorylation of both Thr 308 and Ser 473. Akt proteins become phosphorylated and activated in insulin/IGF-1-stimulated cells by an upstream kinase(s), and the activation of Akt1 and Akt2 is inhibited by the PI kinase inhibi
Biotium BARX1 (Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma)(BARX1/2760), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
BarX1 is a member of the Bar subclass of homeobox transcription factors. Studies of the Mouse and chick homolog suggest the encoded protein may play a role in developing teeth and craniofacial mesenchyme of neural crest origin. The protein may also be associated with differentiation of stomach epithelia. Down-regulation of Barx1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) migration, invasion and metastasis, whereas up-regulation of Barx1 inhibits HCC migration, invasion and metastasis. The loss of Barx1 expression represents a prognostic biomarker in human HCC. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Gastrin(GAST/2632), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Gastrin, is a hormone that normally formed by mucosal cells in the gastric antrum and by the D cells of the pancreatic islets. Its primary function is to stimulate secretion of HCl by the gastric mucosa. HCl, in turn, inhibits gastrin formation. It also responsible for stimulating smooth muscle contraction and increasing blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine. Gastrin is regulated by epidermal growth factor in both mice and humans. Gastrin is excreted in excess by pancreatic tumors in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) stimulates the release of gastrin as well as other gastrointestinal hormones and also acts as an autocrine growth factor for certain cell types. High levels of GRP are found in the human lung just after birth and levels decrease thereafter in parallel with the observed disease in a number of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. GRP is known to promote lung tumorigenesis in model systems. Primary antibodies are
Biotium Topoisomerase I, Mitochondrial (TOP1MT) (TOP1MT/2883R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
DNA topoisomerases are nuclear enzymes that regulate the topological structure of DNA in eukaryotic cells by transiently breaking and rejoining DNA strands. Due to their roles in DNA replication, recombination, and transcription, DNA topoisomerases have been identified as targets of numerous anticancer drugs. Mitochondrial Topo I (DNA topoisomerase I, mitochondrial) is a 601 amino acid protein that primarily acts to relieve DNA strain that may occur during duplication of mitochondrial DNA. As a type IB topoisomerase, mitochondrial Topo I requires a divalent metal, either, calcium or magnesium, as well as an alkaline pH for optimal activity.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give high
Biotium EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor)(R1), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 170 kDa, identified as EGFR. EGFR is type I receptor tyrosine kinase with sequence homology to erbB-1, -2, -3 -4 or HER-1, -2, -3 -4. It binds to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Transforming Growth Factor-a (TGF-a), Heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), amphiregulin, betacellulin and epiregulin. EGFR is overexpressed in tumors of breast, brain, bladder, lung, gastric, head neck, esophagus, cervix, vulva, ovary, and endometrium. It is predominantly present in squamous cell carcinomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium BOB.1 (B-Cell Marker) (BOB1/2423), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
BOB-1 is a transcriptional coactivator that specifically associates with either POU2F1/OCT1 or POU2F2/OCT2, boosting the promoter activity of those complexes. It is essential for the response of B-cells to antigens, required for the formation of germinal centers, and regilates IL-6 expression. BOB-1 expression in a variety of established B-cell lines, representing different stages of B-cell development, has suggested a constitutive, B-cell-specific expression pattern. LP cells in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, because they are germinal center-derived, are consistently immuno-positive for BOB-1. Conversely, only some cases of classical Hodgkin lymphoma show BOB-1 immuno-reactivity within the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. Expression of BOB-1 has been reported in follicular center cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and some cases of acute myeloid leukemia. B-CLL, marginal zone lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma may show weak to moderate immunoreactivit